GEF, GEF-B
insider transactionsGREIF, INC — buys & sells by directors, officers and 10% owners A shareholder owning more than 10% of the company. Must report trades, but usually a weaker signal than an officer or director. (SEC Form 4).
Cluster buy signal: Multiple insiders at the same company buying around the same time — often a stronger signal than a single buy. 4 different insiders made open-market purchases in the last 365 days, totalling $4.7M.
Net shares · 365d
-143.9K
62.7K buy · 206.6K sell
Net value · 365d
-$9.4M
$4.7M in · $14.0M out
Sentiment · 365d
Net selling
25% buying · 75% selling
Open-market trades · 365d
65
62.7K buy · 206.6K sell
Net buy / sell volume
Not enough data to chart yet.
Tap or hover the chart for daily net volume. Green = net buying, red = net selling.
Transactions · 365d
-
Sell·S
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer · 10b5-1
$130.5K
2.0K sh · $65.26
Own -3%
-
Sell·S
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer · 10b5-1
$135.3K
2.0K sh · $67.66
Own -3%
-
Grant·A
Director
$26.2K
402 sh · $65.24
Own +14%
-
Grant·A
Director
$26.2K
402 sh · $65.24
Own +15%
-
Sell·S
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer · 10b5-1
$140.8K
2.0K sh · $70.42
Own -3%
-
Sell·S
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer · 10b5-1
$135.0K
2.0K sh · $67.49
Own -3%
-
Sell·S
EVP, Chief Human Resources Off
$838.2K
11.6K sh · $72.21 avg · 2 lots
Own -34%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
2.1K sh
Own +6%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
2.1K sh
Own +52%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
2.1K sh
Own +31%
-
Grant·A
Director
$22.0K
295 sh · $74.64
Own +11%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
2.1K sh
Own +23%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
2.1K sh
Own +5%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
2.1K sh
Own +23%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
2.1K sh
Own +4%
-
Grant·A
Director
$12.0K
161 sh · $74.64
Own +7%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
2.1K sh
Own +7%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
2.1K sh
Own +52%
-
Sell·S
EVP, Chief Human Resources Off
$209.4K
2.7K sh · $76.67
Own -7%
-
Sell·S
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer · 10b5-1
$148.2K
2.0K sh · $74.11
Own -3%
-
Buy·P
EVP, Chief Human Resources Off
$158.6K
1.8K sh · $87.22 avg · 2 lots
Own +32%
-
Sell·S
EVP, Chief Human Resources Off
$992.4K
13.3K sh · $74.41 avg · 2 lots
Own -27%
-
Sell·S
SVP SBU GM Innovative Closure
$96.0K
1.3K sh · $73.82
Own -32%
-
Buy·P
EVP, Chief Human Resources Off
$159.5K
1.8K sh · $88.10 avg · 2 lots
Own +37%
-
Buy·P
EVP, Chief Human Resources Off
$26.6K
300 sh · $88.71 avg · 3 lots
Own +6%
-
Buy·P
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$1.6M
18.3K sh · $88.79 avg · 4 lots
Own New
-
Sell·S
SVP SBGM Sust. Fiber Solutions
$211.6K
2.8K sh · $75.58
Own -28%
-
Sell·S
SVP, Chief Operations Officer
$379.0K
5.3K sh · $71.99
Own -48%
-
Sell·S
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$1.6M
22.8K sh · $71.83 avg · 2 lots
Own -100%
-
Exercise·M
SVP SBU/GM Steel Solutions
$0
256 sh
Own New
-
Exercise·M
SVP SBU/GM Steel Solutions
$0
256 sh
Own +171%
-
Other·F
SVP SBU/GM Steel Solutions
$0
256 sh
Own -63%
-
Grant·A
Director
$26.3K
366 sh · $71.70
Own +18%
-
Grant·A
Director
$26.3K
366 sh · $71.70
Own +16%
-
Exercise·M
SVP SBU GM Innovative Closure
$0
772 sh
Own +23%
-
Exercise·M
SVP SBU GM Innovative Closure
$0
772 sh
Own +34%
-
Other·F
SVP SBU GM Innovative Closure
$0
847 sh · 2 lots
Own -17%
-
Grant·A
SVP SBU GM Innovative Closure
$0
1.8K sh
Own +65%
-
Exercise·M
EVP, Chief Human Resources Off
$0
4.4K sh
Own +32%
-
Grant·A
EVP, Chief Human Resources Off
$0
13.8K sh
Own +34%
-
Other·F
EVP, Chief Human Resources Off
$0
5.9K sh · 2 lots
Own -13%
-
Exercise·M
EVP, Chief Human Resources Off
$0
4.4K sh
Own +12%
-
Exercise·M
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$0
11.7K sh
Own +42%
-
Exercise·M
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$0
11.7K sh
Own +25%
-
Other·F
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$0
19.0K sh · 2 lots
Own -26%
-
Grant·A
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$0
36.9K sh
Own +68%
-
Exercise·M
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer
$0
6.4K sh
Own +40%
-
Exercise·M
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer
$0
6.4K sh
Own +11%
-
Other·F
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer
$0
9.5K sh · 2 lots
Own -11%
-
Grant·A
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer
$0
20.3K sh
Own +32%
-
Exercise·M
SVP Chief Info & Digital Off
$0
2.3K sh
Own +24%
-
Exercise·M
SVP Chief Info & Digital Off
$0
2.3K sh
Own +289%
-
Other·F
SVP Chief Info & Digital Off
$0
2.4K sh · 2 lots
Own -50%
-
Grant·A
SVP Chief Info & Digital Off
$0
7.2K sh
Own +301%
-
Exercise·M
SVP, Chief Operations Officer
$0
2.5K sh
Own +26%
-
Exercise·M
SVP, Chief Operations Officer
$0
2.5K sh
Own +72%
-
Grant·A
SVP, Chief Operations Officer
$0
8.1K sh
Own +153%
-
Other·F
SVP, Chief Operations Officer
$0
3.1K sh · 2 lots
Own -37%
-
Exercise·M
VP, Corporate Controller
$0
516 sh
Own +33%
-
Exercise·M
VP, Corporate Controller
$0
516 sh
Own +29%
-
Other·F
VP, Corporate Controller
$0
714 sh · 2 lots
Own -18%
-
Grant·A
VP, Corporate Controller
$0
1.6K sh
Own +78%
-
Exercise·M
Senior VP, General Counsel
$0
1.4K sh
Own +21%
-
Exercise·M
Senior VP, General Counsel
$0
1.4K sh
Own +11%
-
Other·F
Senior VP, General Counsel
$0
1.4K sh · 2 lots
Own -8%
-
Grant·A
Senior VP, General Counsel
$0
3.3K sh
Own +25%
-
Exercise·M
Unknown KEY
President and CEO
$0
18.2K sh
Own +28%
-
Exercise·M
Unknown KEY
President and CEO
$0
18.2K sh
Own +28%
-
Other·F
Unknown KEY
President and CEO
$0
44.2K sh · 2 lots
Own -26%
-
Grant·A
Unknown KEY
President and CEO
$0
89.6K sh
Own +116%
-
Sell·S
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer · 10b5-1
$143.1K
2.0K sh · $71.54
Own -3%
-
Grant·A
Director
$1.2K
18 sh · $67.70
Own +1%
-
Grant·A
Director
$1.1K
17 sh · $67.70
Own +1%
-
Other·G
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$0
1.6K sh · 6 lots
Own -3%
-
Sell·S
Unknown KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$683.6K
9.7K sh · $70.24
Own -13%
-
Sell·S
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer · 10b5-1
$130.0K
2.0K sh · $64.98
Own -3%
-
Sell·S
EVP, Chief Human Resources Off
$466.3K
7.0K sh · $66.62
Own -16%
-
Other·G
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$0
31 sh
Own -0%
-
Buy·P
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$139.2K
2.1K sh · $65.52 avg · 2 lots
Own +1%
-
Buy·P
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$131.1K
2.0K sh · $65.57 avg · 2 lots
Own +1%
-
Sell·S
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$273.2K
4.5K sh · $60.72
Own -7%
-
Buy·P
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$566.5K
8.3K sh · $67.90 avg · 2 lots
Own +4%
-
Sell·S
EVP & General Counsel
$302.4K
5.0K sh · $60.48
Own -7%
-
Buy·P
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$1.4M
21.8K sh · $66.01 avg · 4 lots
Own +13%
-
Sell·S
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer · 10b5-1
$120.0K
2.0K sh · $60.00
Own -3%
-
Buy·P
EVP & General Counsel
$328.4K
5.0K sh · $65.68 avg · 2 lots
Own +24%
-
Buy·P
Senior VP, General Counsel
$12.5K
200 sh · $62.74
Own New
-
Sell·S
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$2.0M
33.9K sh · $59.58
Own -34%
-
Grant·A
Director
$26.3K
461 sh · $56.89
Own +29%
-
Grant·A
Director
$26.3K
461 sh · $56.89
Own +26%
-
Grant·A
SVP Chief Info & Digital Off
$0
4.7K sh
Own +50%
-
Grant·A
VP, Corporate Controller
$0
865 sh
Own +50%
-
Grant·A
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$0
14.6K sh
Own +40%
-
Grant·A
SVP, Chief Operations Officer
$0
5.4K sh
Own +57%
-
Grant·A
Senior VP, General Counsel
$0
4.8K sh
Own +106%
-
Grant·A
EVP, Chief Human Resources Off
$0
6.8K sh
Own +43%
-
Grant·A
Unknown KEY
President and CEO
$0
33.6K sh
Own +50%
-
Grant·A
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer
$0
8.4K sh
Own +41%
-
Grant·A
Treasurer
$0
374 sh
Own New
-
Sell·S
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer · 10b5-1
$120.2K
2.0K sh · $60.09
Own -3%
-
Grant·A
Director
$969
16 sh · $59.76
Own +1%
-
Grant·A
Director
$874
15 sh · $59.76
Own +1%
-
Sell·S
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer · 10b5-1
$121.1K
2.0K sh · $60.55
Own -3%
-
Sell·S
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer · 10b5-1
$133.0K
2.0K sh · $66.50
Own -3%
-
Grant·A
Director
$26.2K
414 sh · $63.43
Own +36%
-
Grant·A
Director
$26.2K
414 sh · $63.43
Own +31%
-
Buy·P
EVP, Chief Human Resources Off
$7.8K
109 sh · $71.50
Own +2%
-
Sell·S
SVP, Chief Commercial Officer · 10b5-1
$136.3K
2.0K sh · $68.13
Own -3%
-
Sell·S
EVP & General Counsel
$2.0M
29.0K sh · $68.90
Own -30%
-
Sell·S
EVP, Chief Human Resources Off
$21.0K
304 sh · $69.15
Own -1%
-
Sell·S
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$68.9K
1.0K sh · $68.88
Own -1%
-
Buy·P
Unknown KEY
EVP and CFO
$67.1K
925 sh · $72.51
Own +1%
-
Sell·S
Unknown KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$238.4K
3.4K sh · $70.00 avg · 2 lots
Own -4%
-
Sell·S
Unknown KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$1.4M
20.0K sh · $70.00 avg · 2 lots
Own -21%
-
Grant·A
Director
$704
11 sh · $64.99
Own +1%
-
Grant·A
Director
$614
9 sh · $64.99
Own +1%
-
Sell·S
SVP, Chief Operations Officer · 10b5-1
$610.9K
9.0K sh · $67.88 avg · 5 lots
Own -43%
| Date▾ | Insider | Type | Shares | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 10, 2026 | Bergwall Timothy 10b5-1 | Sell S | 2.0K | $130.5K |
| May 11, 2026 | Bergwall Timothy 10b5-1 | Sell S | 2.0K | $135.3K |
| May 1, 2026 | ROSE B ANDREW | Grant A | 402 | $26.2K |
| May 1, 2026 | Morrison Karen | Grant A | 402 | $26.2K |
| Apr 10, 2026 | Bergwall Timothy 10b5-1 | Sell S | 2.0K | $140.8K |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Bergwall Timothy 10b5-1 | Sell S | 2.0K | $135.0K |
| Mar 2, 2026 | Sathyanarayanan Bala | Sell S | 11.6K2 lots | $838.2K |
| Feb 23, 2026 | Emkes Mark A | Grant A | 2.1K | $0 |
| Feb 23, 2026 | Evanko Jillian C. | Grant A | 2.1K | $0 |
| Feb 23, 2026 | Miller Frank Calhoun V | Grant A | 2.1K | $0 |
| Feb 23, 2026 | ROSE B ANDREW | Grant A | 295 | $22.0K |
| Feb 23, 2026 | Scott Kimberly Thompson | Grant A | 2.1K | $0 |
| Feb 23, 2026 | MCNAMARA JOHN W | Grant A | 2.1K | $0 |
| Feb 23, 2026 | Morrison Karen | Grant A | 2.1K | $0 |
| Feb 23, 2026 | Edwards Bruce A | Grant A | 2.1K | $0 |
| Feb 23, 2026 | Morrison Karen | Grant A | 161 | $12.0K |
| Feb 23, 2026 | Patterson Robert M | Grant A | 2.1K | $0 |
| Feb 23, 2026 | ROSE B ANDREW | Grant A | 2.1K | $0 |
| Feb 13, 2026 | Sathyanarayanan Bala | Sell S | 2.7K | $209.4K |
| Feb 10, 2026 | Bergwall Timothy 10b5-1 | Sell S | 2.0K | $148.2K |
| Feb 9, 2026 | Sathyanarayanan Bala | Buy P | 1.8K2 lots | $158.6K |
| Feb 5, 2026 | Sathyanarayanan Bala | Sell S | 13.3K2 lots | $992.4K |
| Feb 5, 2026 | Leahy Matthew B. | Sell S | 1.3K | $96.0K |
| Feb 5, 2026 | Sathyanarayanan Bala | Buy P | 1.8K2 lots | $159.5K |
| Feb 4, 2026 | Sathyanarayanan Bala | Buy P | 3003 lots | $26.6K |
| Feb 4, 2026 | Unknown KEY | Buy P | 18.3K4 lots | $1.6M |
| Feb 4, 2026 | Benner Gaylord | Sell S | 2.8K | $211.6K |
| Feb 3, 2026 | Kellermann Kimberly Anne | Sell S | 5.3K | $379.0K |
| Feb 3, 2026 | Unknown KEY | Sell S | 22.8K2 lots | $1.6M |
| Feb 2, 2026 | Johansson Alexander | Exercise M | 256 | $0 |
| Feb 2, 2026 | Johansson Alexander | Exercise M | 256 | $0 |
| Feb 2, 2026 | Johansson Alexander | Other F | 256 | $0 |
| Feb 2, 2026 | Morrison Karen | Grant A | 366 | $26.3K |
| Feb 2, 2026 | ROSE B ANDREW | Grant A | 366 | $26.3K |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Leahy Matthew B. | Exercise M | 772 | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Leahy Matthew B. | Exercise M | 772 | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Leahy Matthew B. | Other F | 8472 lots | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Leahy Matthew B. | Grant A | 1.8K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Sathyanarayanan Bala | Exercise M | 4.4K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Sathyanarayanan Bala | Grant A | 13.8K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Sathyanarayanan Bala | Other F | 5.9K2 lots | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Sathyanarayanan Bala | Exercise M | 4.4K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Unknown KEY | Exercise M | 11.7K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Unknown KEY | Exercise M | 11.7K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Unknown KEY | Other F | 19.0K2 lots | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Unknown KEY | Grant A | 36.9K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Bergwall Timothy | Exercise M | 6.4K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Bergwall Timothy | Exercise M | 6.4K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Bergwall Timothy | Other F | 9.5K2 lots | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Bergwall Timothy | Grant A | 20.3K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Bouet Vivian | Exercise M | 2.3K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Bouet Vivian | Exercise M | 2.3K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Bouet Vivian | Other F | 2.4K2 lots | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Bouet Vivian | Grant A | 7.2K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Kellermann Kimberly Anne | Exercise M | 2.5K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Kellermann Kimberly Anne | Exercise M | 2.5K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Kellermann Kimberly Anne | Grant A | 8.1K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Kellermann Kimberly Anne | Other F | 3.1K2 lots | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Taylor Michael Joseph | Exercise M | 516 | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Taylor Michael Joseph | Exercise M | 516 | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Taylor Michael Joseph | Other F | 7142 lots | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Taylor Michael Joseph | Grant A | 1.6K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Hoffman Leonard Dennis Jr | Exercise M | 1.4K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Hoffman Leonard Dennis Jr | Exercise M | 1.4K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Hoffman Leonard Dennis Jr | Other F | 1.4K2 lots | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Hoffman Leonard Dennis Jr | Grant A | 3.3K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Unknown KEY | Exercise M | 18.2K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Unknown KEY | Exercise M | 18.2K | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Unknown KEY | Other F | 44.2K2 lots | $0 |
| Jan 14, 2026 | Unknown KEY | Grant A | 89.6K | $0 |
| Jan 12, 2026 | Bergwall Timothy 10b5-1 | Sell S | 2.0K | $143.1K |
| Jan 2, 2026 | ROSE B ANDREW | Grant A | 18 | $1.2K |
| Jan 2, 2026 | Morrison Karen | Grant A | 17 | $1.1K |
| Dec 19, 2025 | Unknown KEY | Other G | 1.6K6 lots | $0 |
| Dec 15, 2025 | Unknown KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 9.7K | $683.6K |
| Dec 10, 2025 | Bergwall Timothy 10b5-1 | Sell S | 2.0K | $130.0K |
| Dec 10, 2025 | Sathyanarayanan Bala | Sell S | 7.0K | $466.3K |
| Dec 3, 2025 | Unknown KEY | Other G | 31 | $0 |
| Nov 20, 2025 | Unknown KEY | Buy P | 2.1K2 lots | $139.2K |
| Nov 18, 2025 | Unknown KEY | Buy P | 2.0K2 lots | $131.1K |
| Nov 17, 2025 | Unknown KEY | Sell S | 4.5K | $273.2K |
| Nov 13, 2025 | Unknown KEY | Buy P | 8.3K2 lots | $566.5K |
| Nov 12, 2025 | MARTZ GARY R | Sell S | 5.0K | $302.4K |
| Nov 12, 2025 | Unknown KEY | Buy P | 21.8K4 lots | $1.4M |
| Nov 12, 2025 | Bergwall Timothy 10b5-1 | Sell S | 2.0K | $120.0K |
| Nov 12, 2025 | MARTZ GARY R | Buy P | 5.0K2 lots | $328.4K |
| Nov 11, 2025 | Hoffman Leonard Dennis Jr | Buy P | 200 | $12.5K |
| Nov 11, 2025 | Unknown KEY | Sell S | 33.9K | $2.0M |
| Nov 3, 2025 | Morrison Karen | Grant A | 461 | $26.3K |
| Nov 3, 2025 | ROSE B ANDREW | Grant A | 461 | $26.3K |
| Nov 3, 2025 | Bouet Vivian | Grant A | 4.7K | $0 |
| Nov 3, 2025 | Taylor Michael Joseph | Grant A | 865 | $0 |
| Nov 3, 2025 | Unknown KEY | Grant A | 14.6K | $0 |
| Nov 3, 2025 | Kellermann Kimberly Anne | Grant A | 5.4K | $0 |
| Nov 3, 2025 | Hoffman Leonard Dennis Jr | Grant A | 4.8K | $0 |
| Nov 3, 2025 | Sathyanarayanan Bala | Grant A | 6.8K | $0 |
| Nov 3, 2025 | Unknown KEY | Grant A | 33.6K | $0 |
| Nov 3, 2025 | Bergwall Timothy | Grant A | 8.4K | $0 |
| Nov 3, 2025 | Sriram Vidhya | Grant A | 374 | $0 |
| Oct 21, 2025 | Bergwall Timothy 10b5-1 | Sell S | 2.0K | $120.2K |
| Oct 1, 2025 | ROSE B ANDREW | Grant A | 16 | $969 |
| Oct 1, 2025 | Morrison Karen | Grant A | 15 | $874 |
| Sep 10, 2025 | Bergwall Timothy 10b5-1 | Sell S | 2.0K | $121.1K |
| Aug 11, 2025 | Bergwall Timothy 10b5-1 | Sell S | 2.0K | $133.0K |
| Aug 1, 2025 | Morrison Karen | Grant A | 414 | $26.2K |
| Aug 1, 2025 | ROSE B ANDREW | Grant A | 414 | $26.2K |
| Jul 10, 2025 | Sathyanarayanan Bala | Buy P | 109 | $7.8K |
| Jul 10, 2025 | Bergwall Timothy 10b5-1 | Sell S | 2.0K | $136.3K |
| Jul 8, 2025 | MARTZ GARY R | Sell S | 29.0K | $2.0M |
| Jul 8, 2025 | Sathyanarayanan Bala | Sell S | 304 | $21.0K |
| Jul 8, 2025 | Unknown KEY | Sell S | 1.0K | $68.9K |
| Jul 8, 2025 | Unknown KEY | Buy P | 925 | $67.1K |
| Jul 7, 2025 | Unknown KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 3.4K2 lots | $238.4K |
| Jul 2, 2025 | Unknown KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 20.0K2 lots | $1.4M |
| Jul 1, 2025 | ROSE B ANDREW | Grant A | 11 | $704 |
| Jul 1, 2025 | Morrison Karen | Grant A | 9 | $614 |
| Jul 1, 2025 | Kellermann Kimberly Anne 10b5-1 | Sell S | 9.0K5 lots | $610.9K |
Buy Sell Non-market (grant · exercise · gift)
About GEF, GEF-B insider trading
This page tracks insider transactions for GREIF, INC (GEF, GEF-B) reported to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 4. Corporate insiders — directors, executive officers and beneficial owners of more than 10% of the stock — must disclose their trades within two business days. Open-market purchases (code P) and sales (code S) made at the insider's discretion are the most-watched opportunistic signals, while awards (A), option exercises (M) and tax-withholding (F) reflect compensation rather than conviction. Trades marked 10b5-1 were made under a pre-arranged plan and are considered routine. A cluster buy — several insiders buying within a short window — is historically a stronger bullish indicator than any single trade.