PRDO
insider transactionsPERDOCEO EDUCATION Corp — buys & sells by directors, officers and 10% owners A shareholder owning more than 10% of the company. Must report trades, but usually a weaker signal than an officer or director. (SEC Form 4).
Net shares · 365d
-662.2K
0 buy · 662.2K sell
Net value · 365d
-$22.3M
$0 in · $22.3M out
Sentiment · 365d
Net selling
0% buying · 100% selling
Open-market trades · 365d
27
0 buy · 662.2K sell
Net buy / sell volume
Not enough data to chart yet.
Tap or hover the chart for daily net volume. Green = net buying, red = net selling.
All transactions
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
4.0K sh
Own +10%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
4.0K sh
Own +63%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
4.0K sh
Own +7%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
4.0K sh
Own +7%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
4.0K sh
Own +9%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
4.0K sh
Own +3%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
4.0K sh
Own +9%
-
Grant·A
Director
$0
4.0K sh
Own +3%
-
Sell·S
Principal Accounting Officer
$483.0K
14.0K sh · $34.50
Own -28%
-
Sell·S
SVP - Campus Operations
$401.8K
11.3K sh · $35.51
Own -34%
-
Exercise·M
Director
$0
21.1K sh
Own New
-
Sell·S
Director
$127.6K
3.6K sh · $34.98
Own -3%
-
Exercise·M
Director
$125.9K
21.1K sh · $5.96
Own +22%
-
Sell·S
SVP, General Counsel · 10b5-1
$1.1M
30.2K sh · $38.00
Own -27%
-
Sell·S
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$160.8K
4.4K sh · $36.65
Own -1%
-
Sell·S
Ghia Ashish R KEY
CFO · 10b5-1
$410.3K
11.1K sh · $37.00
Own -7%
-
Sell·S
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$1.5M
40.0K sh · $36.48
Own -10%
-
Sell·S
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$1.4M
40.0K sh · $35.24
Own -9%
-
Sell·S
Ghia Ashish R KEY
CFO · 10b5-1
$778.3K
22.2K sh · $35.09
Own -12%
-
Sell·S
Ghia Ashish R KEY
CFO · 10b5-1
$388.9K
11.1K sh · $35.07
Own -6%
-
Sell·S
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$397.1K
11.3K sh · $35.00
Own -3%
-
Sell·S
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$1.4M
40.0K sh · $34.86
Own -8%
-
Other·F
SVP, AIU
$28.4K
795 sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
SVP, AIU
$44.8K
1.3K sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
SVP, AIU
$56.3K
1.6K sh · $35.78
Own -2%
-
Other·F
SVP, AIU
$72.9K
2.0K sh · $35.78
Own -2%
-
Exercise·M
SVP, AIU
$0
16.9K sh
Own +23%
-
Other·F
SVP, AIU
$473.4K
13.2K sh · $35.78
Own -15%
-
Other·F
SVP, CTU
$65.2K
1.8K sh · $35.78
Own -2%
-
Other·F
SVP, CTU
$52.2K
1.5K sh · $35.78
Own -2%
-
Other·F
SVP, CTU
$34.2K
956 sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
SVP, CTU
$532.3K
14.9K sh · $35.78
Own -18%
-
Exercise·M
SVP, CTU
$0
16.8K sh
Own +25%
-
Other·F
SVP, CTU
$79.5K
2.2K sh · $35.78
Own -3%
-
Exercise·M
SVP, General Counsel
$0
16.9K sh
Own +18%
-
Other·F
SVP, General Counsel
$473.9K
13.2K sh · $35.78
Own -12%
-
Other·F
SVP, General Counsel
$73.7K
2.1K sh · $35.78
Own -2%
-
Other·F
SVP, General Counsel
$57.2K
1.6K sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
SVP, General Counsel
$45.6K
1.3K sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
SVP, General Counsel
$30.3K
846 sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
Ghia Ashish R KEY
CFO
$861.9K
24.1K sh · $35.78
Own -13%
-
Exercise·M
Ghia Ashish R KEY
CFO
$0
27.3K sh
Own +17%
-
Other·F
Ghia Ashish R KEY
CFO
$61.8K
1.7K sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
Ghia Ashish R KEY
CFO
$86.9K
2.4K sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
Ghia Ashish R KEY
CFO
$104.9K
2.9K sh · $35.78
Own -2%
-
Other·F
Ghia Ashish R KEY
CFO
$117.6K
3.3K sh · $35.78
Own -2%
-
Other·F
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$369.7K
10.3K sh · $35.78
Own -2%
-
Other·F
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$275.0K
7.7K sh · $35.78
Own -2%
-
Other·F
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$253.1K
7.1K sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$171.8K
4.8K sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$2.2M
61.9K sh · $35.78
Own -13%
-
Exercise·M
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$0
73.1K sh
Own +18%
-
Other·F
SVP - Campus Operations
$21.1K
591 sh · $35.78
Own -2%
-
Other·F
SVP - Campus Operations
$10.6K
297 sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
SVP - Campus Operations
$119.3K
3.3K sh · $35.78
Own -10%
-
Exercise·M
SVP - Campus Operations
$0
3.8K sh
Own +13%
-
Other·F
SVP - Campus Operations
$16.7K
468 sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
SVP - AIUS
$23.8K
666 sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
SVP - AIUS
$30.0K
839 sh · $35.78
Own -2%
-
Exercise·M
SVP - AIUS
$0
5.3K sh
Own +12%
-
Other·F
SVP - AIUS
$30.8K
862 sh · $35.78
Own -2%
-
Other·F
SVP - AIUS
$168.2K
4.7K sh · $35.78
Own -10%
-
Other·F
Principal Accounting Officer
$14.4K
402 sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
Principal Accounting Officer
$150.1K
4.2K sh · $35.78
Own -9%
-
Other·F
Principal Accounting Officer
$15.6K
436 sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
Principal Accounting Officer
$22.9K
639 sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
Principal Accounting Officer
$28.3K
792 sh · $35.78
Own -2%
-
Exercise·M
Principal Accounting Officer
$0
4.7K sh
Own +11%
-
Other·F
SVP, CIO
$16.9K
472 sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Exercise·M
SVP, CIO
$0
9.1K sh
Own +14%
-
Other·F
SVP, CIO
$43.8K
1.2K sh · $35.78
Own -2%
-
Other·F
SVP, CIO
$26.8K
748 sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
SVP, CIO
$33.7K
943 sh · $35.78
Own -1%
-
Other·F
SVP, CIO
$286.0K
8.0K sh · $35.78
Own -11%
-
Exercise·M
Director
$0
21.1K sh
Own New
-
Exercise·M
Director
$125.9K
21.1K sh · $5.96
Own +35%
-
Sell·S
Director
$747.3K
21.1K sh · $35.37
Own -26%
-
Exercise·M
Director
$0
21.1K sh
Own New
-
Exercise·M
Director
$125.9K
21.1K sh · $5.96
Own +18%
-
Grant·A
Principal Accounting Officer
$0
2.2K sh
Own +5%
-
Grant·A
Principal Accounting Officer
$0
3.4K sh
Own +7%
-
Grant·A
SVP, CIO
$0
4.2K sh
Own +6%
-
Grant·A
SVP, CIO
$0
4.2K sh
Own +6%
-
Grant·A
SVP, AIU
$0
7.8K sh
Own +10%
-
Grant·A
SVP, AIU
$0
7.8K sh
Own +9%
-
Grant·A
SVP, General Counsel
$0
9.5K sh
Own +10%
-
Grant·A
SVP, General Counsel
$0
9.5K sh
Own +9%
-
Grant·A
SVP - AIUS
$0
7.5K sh
Own +18%
-
Grant·A
SVP - AIUS
$0
7.5K sh
Own +22%
-
Grant·A
SVP - Campus Operations
$0
1.8K sh
Own +5%
-
Grant·A
SVP - Campus Operations
$0
2.7K sh
Own +9%
-
Grant·A
SVP, CTU
$0
7.8K sh
Own +11%
-
Grant·A
SVP, CTU
$0
7.8K sh
Own +10%
-
Grant·A
Ghia Ashish R KEY
CFO
$0
19.3K sh
Own +11%
-
Grant·A
Ghia Ashish R KEY
CFO
$0
19.3K sh
Own +12%
-
Grant·A
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO
$0
49.2K sh
Own +12%
-
Grant·A
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO
$0
49.2K sh
Own +11%
-
Exercise·M
SVP, CIO
$0
13.0K sh
Own New
-
Sell·S
SVP, CIO
$425.5K
13.0K sh · $32.80
Own -16%
-
Sell·S
SVP, CIO
$762.9K
23.3K sh · $32.81
Own -25%
-
Exercise·M
SVP, CIO
$179.0K
13.0K sh · $13.80
Own +19%
-
Sell·S
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$1.2M
40.0K sh · $29.42
Own -9%
-
Sell·S
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$1.2M
40.0K sh · $29.40
Own -8%
-
Sell·S
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$1.2M
40.0K sh · $29.23
Own -8%
-
Sell·S
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$1.4M
40.0K sh · $35.17
Own -7%
-
Sell·S
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$1.4M
40.0K sh · $34.57
Own -7%
-
Sell·S
NELSON TODD S KEY
President and CEO · 10b5-1
$1.4M
40.0K sh · $34.78
Own -6%
-
Sell·S
SVP, CTU · 10b5-1
$742.4K
21.2K sh · $35.00
Own -23%
-
Exercise·M
Director,Other
$0
4.6K sh
Own New
-
Sell·S
Director,Other
$148.5K
4.6K sh · $32.50
Own -7%
-
Exercise·M
Director,Other
$27.2K
4.6K sh · $5.96
Own +7%
-
Exercise·M
Director,Other
$0
16.6K sh
Own New
-
Sell·S
Director,Other
$555.0K
16.6K sh · $33.51
Own -21%
-
Exercise·M
Director,Other
$98.7K
16.6K sh · $5.96
Own +27%
-
Sell·S
SVP, General Counsel · 10b5-1
$997.7K
30.2K sh · $33.00
Own -24%
-
Exercise·M
Ghia Ashish R KEY
CFO · 10b5-1
$0
6.2K sh
Own New
-
Sell·S
Ghia Ashish R KEY
CFO · 10b5-1
$1.4M
46.8K sh · $30.70
Own -23%
-
Exercise·M
Ghia Ashish R KEY
CFO · 10b5-1
$86.1K
6.2K sh · $13.80
Own +4%
-
Sell·S
Ghia Ashish R KEY
CFO · 10b5-1
$191.4K
6.2K sh · $30.70
Own -4%
| Date▾ | Insider | Type | Shares | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 21, 2026 | Wheat Alan Dupree | Grant A | 4.0K | $0 |
| May 21, 2026 | Skandera Hanna | Grant A | 4.0K | $0 |
| May 21, 2026 | Thornton Leslie T | Grant A | 4.0K | $0 |
| May 21, 2026 | Jackson Gregory L. | Grant A | 4.0K | $0 |
| May 21, 2026 | HANSEN WILLIAM DEAN | Grant A | 4.0K | $0 |
| May 21, 2026 | GROSS PATRICK W | Grant A | 4.0K | $0 |
| May 21, 2026 | GONZALES KENDA B | Grant A | 4.0K | $0 |
| May 21, 2026 | CHOOKASZIAN DENNIS | Grant A | 4.0K | $0 |
| May 13, 2026 | Peppers Michele A | Sell S | 14.0K | $483.0K |
| May 12, 2026 | Leeman Julia A. | Sell S | 11.3K | $401.8K |
| May 12, 2026 | GROSS PATRICK W | Exercise M | 21.1K | $0 |
| May 12, 2026 | GROSS PATRICK W | Sell S | 3.6K | $127.6K |
| May 12, 2026 | GROSS PATRICK W | Exercise M | 21.1K | $125.9K |
| Apr 6, 2026 | Jansen Greg E. 10b5-1 | Sell S | 30.2K | $1.1M |
| Mar 25, 2026 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 4.4K | $160.8K |
| Mar 25, 2026 | Ghia Ashish R KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 11.1K | $410.3K |
| Mar 24, 2026 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 40.0K | $1.5M |
| Mar 23, 2026 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 40.0K | $1.4M |
| Mar 18, 2026 | Ghia Ashish R KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 22.2K | $778.3K |
| Mar 18, 2026 | Ghia Ashish R KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 11.1K | $388.9K |
| Mar 17, 2026 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 11.3K | $397.1K |
| Mar 16, 2026 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 40.0K | $1.4M |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Kline John Robert | Other F | 795 | $28.4K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Kline John Robert | Other F | 1.3K | $44.8K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Kline John Robert | Other F | 1.6K | $56.3K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Kline John Robert | Other F | 2.0K | $72.9K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Kline John Robert | Exercise M | 16.9K | $0 |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Kline John Robert | Other F | 13.2K | $473.4K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Baskel Elise | Other F | 1.8K | $65.2K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Baskel Elise | Other F | 1.5K | $52.2K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Baskel Elise | Other F | 956 | $34.2K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Baskel Elise | Other F | 14.9K | $532.3K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Baskel Elise | Exercise M | 16.8K | $0 |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Baskel Elise | Other F | 2.2K | $79.5K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Jansen Greg E. | Exercise M | 16.9K | $0 |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Jansen Greg E. | Other F | 13.2K | $473.9K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Jansen Greg E. | Other F | 2.1K | $73.7K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Jansen Greg E. | Other F | 1.6K | $57.2K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Jansen Greg E. | Other F | 1.3K | $45.6K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Jansen Greg E. | Other F | 846 | $30.3K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Ghia Ashish R KEY | Other F | 24.1K | $861.9K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Ghia Ashish R KEY | Exercise M | 27.3K | $0 |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Ghia Ashish R KEY | Other F | 1.7K | $61.8K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Ghia Ashish R KEY | Other F | 2.4K | $86.9K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Ghia Ashish R KEY | Other F | 2.9K | $104.9K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Ghia Ashish R KEY | Other F | 3.3K | $117.6K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Other F | 10.3K | $369.7K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Other F | 7.7K | $275.0K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Other F | 7.1K | $253.1K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Other F | 4.8K | $171.8K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Other F | 61.9K | $2.2M |
| Mar 14, 2026 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Exercise M | 73.1K | $0 |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Leeman Julia A. | Other F | 591 | $21.1K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Leeman Julia A. | Other F | 297 | $10.6K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Leeman Julia A. | Other F | 3.3K | $119.3K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Leeman Julia A. | Exercise M | 3.8K | $0 |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Leeman Julia A. | Other F | 468 | $16.7K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Araamudhu Sunitha | Other F | 666 | $23.8K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Araamudhu Sunitha | Other F | 839 | $30.0K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Araamudhu Sunitha | Exercise M | 5.3K | $0 |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Araamudhu Sunitha | Other F | 862 | $30.8K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Araamudhu Sunitha | Other F | 4.7K | $168.2K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Peppers Michele A | Other F | 402 | $14.4K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Peppers Michele A | Other F | 4.2K | $150.1K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Peppers Michele A | Other F | 436 | $15.6K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Peppers Michele A | Other F | 639 | $22.9K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Peppers Michele A | Other F | 792 | $28.3K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Peppers Michele A | Exercise M | 4.7K | $0 |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Czeszewski David C. | Other F | 472 | $16.9K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Czeszewski David C. | Exercise M | 9.1K | $0 |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Czeszewski David C. | Other F | 1.2K | $43.8K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Czeszewski David C. | Other F | 748 | $26.8K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Czeszewski David C. | Other F | 943 | $33.7K |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Czeszewski David C. | Other F | 8.0K | $286.0K |
| Mar 13, 2026 | Thornton Leslie T | Exercise M | 21.1K | $0 |
| Mar 13, 2026 | Thornton Leslie T | Exercise M | 21.1K | $125.9K |
| Mar 13, 2026 | Thornton Leslie T | Sell S | 21.1K | $747.3K |
| Mar 12, 2026 | CHOOKASZIAN DENNIS | Exercise M | 21.1K | $0 |
| Mar 12, 2026 | CHOOKASZIAN DENNIS | Exercise M | 21.1K | $125.9K |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Peppers Michele A | Grant A | 2.2K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Peppers Michele A | Grant A | 3.4K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Czeszewski David C. | Grant A | 4.2K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Czeszewski David C. | Grant A | 4.2K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Kline John Robert | Grant A | 7.8K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Kline John Robert | Grant A | 7.8K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Jansen Greg E. | Grant A | 9.5K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Jansen Greg E. | Grant A | 9.5K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Araamudhu Sunitha | Grant A | 7.5K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Araamudhu Sunitha | Grant A | 7.5K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Leeman Julia A. | Grant A | 1.8K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Leeman Julia A. | Grant A | 2.7K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Baskel Elise | Grant A | 7.8K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Baskel Elise | Grant A | 7.8K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Ghia Ashish R KEY | Grant A | 19.3K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | Ghia Ashish R KEY | Grant A | 19.3K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | NELSON TODD S KEY | Grant A | 49.2K | $0 |
| Mar 10, 2026 | NELSON TODD S KEY | Grant A | 49.2K | $0 |
| Feb 25, 2026 | Czeszewski David C. | Exercise M | 13.0K | $0 |
| Feb 25, 2026 | Czeszewski David C. | Sell S | 13.0K | $425.5K |
| Feb 25, 2026 | Czeszewski David C. | Sell S | 23.3K | $762.9K |
| Feb 25, 2026 | Czeszewski David C. | Exercise M | 13.0K | $179.0K |
| Dec 17, 2025 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 40.0K | $1.2M |
| Dec 16, 2025 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 40.0K | $1.2M |
| Dec 15, 2025 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 40.0K | $1.2M |
| Sep 17, 2025 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 40.0K | $1.4M |
| Sep 16, 2025 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 40.0K | $1.4M |
| Sep 15, 2025 | NELSON TODD S KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 40.0K | $1.4M |
| Sep 12, 2025 | Baskel Elise 10b5-1 | Sell S | 21.2K | $742.4K |
| Aug 27, 2025 | Jackson Gregory L. | Exercise M | 4.6K | $0 |
| Aug 27, 2025 | Jackson Gregory L. | Sell S | 4.6K | $148.5K |
| Aug 27, 2025 | Jackson Gregory L. | Exercise M | 4.6K | $27.2K |
| Aug 25, 2025 | Jackson Gregory L. | Exercise M | 16.6K | $0 |
| Aug 25, 2025 | Jackson Gregory L. | Sell S | 16.6K | $555.0K |
| Aug 25, 2025 | Jackson Gregory L. | Exercise M | 16.6K | $98.7K |
| Aug 22, 2025 | Jansen Greg E. 10b5-1 | Sell S | 30.2K | $997.7K |
| Aug 7, 2025 | Ghia Ashish R KEY 10b5-1 | Exercise M | 6.2K | $0 |
| Aug 7, 2025 | Ghia Ashish R KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 46.8K | $1.4M |
| Aug 7, 2025 | Ghia Ashish R KEY 10b5-1 | Exercise M | 6.2K | $86.1K |
| Aug 7, 2025 | Ghia Ashish R KEY 10b5-1 | Sell S | 6.2K | $191.4K |
About PRDO insider trading
This page tracks insider transactions for PERDOCEO EDUCATION Corp (PRDO) reported to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 4. Corporate insiders — directors, executive officers and beneficial owners of more than 10% of the stock — must disclose their trades within two business days. Open-market purchases (code P) and sales (code S) made at the insider's discretion are the most-watched opportunistic signals, while awards (A), option exercises (M) and tax-withholding (F) reflect compensation rather than conviction. Trades marked 10b5-1 were made under a pre-arranged plan and are considered routine. A cluster buy — several insiders buying within a short window — is historically a stronger bullish indicator than any single trade.